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• Vol.64 No.2
• CLINICA NEUROL, 64: 75−84, 2024
• Vol.64 No.2 contents

Invited Review

Clinical features and pathogenesis of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodyassociated disorders

Akio Kimura, M.D., PhD.

Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody-associated disorders (AD) were recently proposed to be immunemediated neurological disorders. The pathogenesis of GFAP antibody-AD is poorly understood. Pathologically, there is a marked infiltration of large numbers of lymphocytes, including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, into the meningeal and brain parenchyma, especially around the perivascular areas. GFAP-specific cytotoxic T cells are considered to be the effector cells of GFAP antibody-AD. The common phenotype of GFAP antibody-AD includes meningoencephalitis with or without myelitis. During the clinical disease course, patients present with consciousness disturbances, urinary dysfunction, movement disorders, meningeal irritation, and cognitive dysfunction. The detection of GFAP antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by cell-based assay is essential for a diagnosis of GFAP antibody-AD. The CSF can be examined for lymphocyte-predominant pleocytosis and elevated protein levels. Brain linear perivascular radial enhancement patterns are observed in about half of GFAP antibody-AD patients. Spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging is used to detect longitudinal extensive spinal cord lesions. Although corticosteroid therapy is generally effective, some patients have a poor prognosis and relapse.
Full Text of this Article in Japanese PDF (4899K)

(CLINICA NEUROL, 64: 75−84, 2024)
key words: astrocytopathy, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), anti-neuronal antibody, meningoencephalitis, linear perivascular radial enhancement

(Received: 19-Sep-23)