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• Vol.53 No.11
• CLINICA NEUROL, 53: 1275−1275, 2013
• Vol.53 No.11 contents

Symposium 4

Pathophysiology in dystonia: functional anatomy of basal ganglia

Satoshi Goto, M.D.¹⁾ and Ryuji Kaji, M.D.²⁾

¹⁾Department of Motor Neuroscience and Neurotherapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences,The University of Tokushima Graduate School
²⁾Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School

Clinical manifestation of dystonia features involuntary muscle contraction or spasm resulting in postural and movement disorders. Depending on the distribution and spreading pattern of dystonia, four patterns have been described, including focal, segmental, multifocal and generalized dystonia. Dystonia can be seen as one of additional clinical features in a more severe neurologic condition. Most of pathophysiology in dystonia remains to be elucidated. Considering the pathology in secondary dystonia, basal ganglia is mostly involved, especially putamen. Dysfunctions of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop would result in development of dystonia. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery has been demonstrated to provide clinical benefits to dystonia patients. In addition, involvement of other neuronal circuit or tissue has been revealed, including cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop, brainstem, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Elucidation of pathophysiology, molecular genetics, and functional neuroanatomy would further contribute to developing therapeutic strategy in dystonia.
Full Text of this Article in Japanese PDF (502K)

(CLINICA NEUROL, 53: 1275−1275, 2013)
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(Received: 1-Jun-13)