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- CLINICA NEUROL, 49: 407－413, 2009
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Original Article
Experimental vocal cord abduction impairment with an artificial vocal cord
Eiji Isozaki, M.D.1), Shinsuke Tobisawa, M.D.1), Misato Nishizawa, M.D.2), Hideto Nakayama, M.D.3), Kotaro Fukui, M.D.4) and Asuo Takanishi, M.D.4)
1)Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital
2)Clinical Engineering Technologist, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital
3)Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital
4)Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has recently been applied to the patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) with various respiratory complications including vocal cord abduction impairment and respiratory disturbance by the central origin. Any consensus guidelines on setting up the inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) and expiratory one (EPAP), however, have not been raised yet. To investigate this problem, we made the upper airway tract model with moderately and severely narrow glottis using a training/test lung and the artificial vocal cord which was developed for a humanoid talking robot in Waseda University. The artificial vocal cord was molded out of a high performance thermoplastic rubber in imitation of the human larynx. Previous studies using with a high-speed camera and a sound analyzer showed that the artificial vocal cord resembled human larynx closely both morphologically and functionally. The opening and closing movements of the artificial vocal cord were observed fiberscopically under various conditions of IPAP (4-20 cmH2O) and EPAP (4-10 cmH2O). The maximal glottic width during inspiration and expiration were measured by a pair of calipers on the videomonitored display. Both of the moderately and the severely narrow artificial vocal cords without non-paralytic factors showed typical paradoxical movement showing adduction in inspiration and abduction in expiration, which is characteristic to vocal cord abductor impairment seen in MSA. In the model with moderately severe narrow glottis, this paradoxical movement was released under any positive pressures of continuous (CPAP) and bilevel (Bilevel PAP) modes. In the model with severely narrow glottis, however, there existed a threshold in setting up the optimal EPAP to release the paradoxical movement. In conclusion, EPAP-leading procedure seems to be preferable to IPAP-leading procedure to dilate the narrow glottis as a pneumatic splint in the managements of the patients with MSA presenting with a paralytic type of vocal cord abductor impairment.
Full Text of this Article in Japanese PDF (1012K)
(CLINICA NEUROL, 49: 407－413, 2009)
key words: artificial vocal cord, paradoxical movement, vocal cord abduction impairment, multiple system atrophy, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
(Received: 28-Aug-08)
